Strategy of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

System of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay We as a whole realize that benefit a venture wins isn't just made without anyone else, yet additionally by an aftereffect of the collaboration between purchasers, governmental issues and the general public condition of the undertaking being at. On the off chance that an undertaking needs to work over the long haul, it should be worried about the issue of its general condition. Likewise, just a partnership which can bear duties of society and comply with the standard of ethic has the right to get support from the general public. In this paper, I will examine about whether if the methodology of Corporate Social Responsibility is important. The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), like morals, is straightforward: it implies separate right from wrong, and doing right. It implies being a decent corporate resident. The conventional meaning of social duty is management’s commitment to settle on decisions and take activities that will add to the government assistance and interests of society just as the association (Szwajkowski, 1986: Davis et al., 1979). CSR is a sort of insightful origination, it doesn't have unmistakable official measures and rules. An absence of the soul of CSR, we can't locate the significance and notoriety of why this venture exists. Organizations and individuals need profounder importance of exist. These days, CSR methodology is generally satisfactory by the supervisors of each undertaking. Nonetheless, there are various of individuals have been contending about their various convictions, a large number of the specialists banter about CSR. Milton Friedman and others have contended that a partnerships reason for existing is to boost comes back to its investors, and that since (in their view), no one but individuals can have social obligations, organizations are just mindful to their investors and not to society all in all. Milton Friedman have called attention to this in his book, Capitalism and Freedom: There is one and only one social duty of business to utilize its assets and take part in exercises intended to expand its benefits inasmuch as it remains inside the standards of the game, or, in other words, participates in open and free rivalry without double dealing or misrepresentation (Friedman, 1962). The ma jority of the supervisors and laws bolstered this idea in the good 'ol days. â€Å"Only individuals can have duties. An organization is a fake individual and in this sense may have fake obligations, however ‘business’ overall can't be said to have duties, even in this dubious sense†. (Friedman, 1970) What's more, in the 1996 discourse of Roger Kerr, the contention that â€Å"the exercises of personal business are socially advantageous inasmuch as they areâ conducted under the standard of law and inside a system of open rivalry. When exposed to those controls, business all things considered advances its inclinations in a manner that advances the interests of the entire network, and, in addition, advances the network intrigue more proficiently and dependably than some other financial arrangement.†(Kerr, 1996) If the corporate business assume a lot of liability of society, at that point Basically, the capacity of an undertaking association is to make benefit, and government ought to take care of the issue of society by the expenses it forces. I wonder on the off chance that the greater duty the ventures take, at that point there are no much contrasts between an endeavor and government, in addition the undertaking will wind up being a consuming association. Then again, R J Hubbard presents an alternate perspective from Milton Friedman and Roger Kerr. â€Å"shareholders aren’t the main gathering of individuals that have a stake in the achievement of an organization and that different partners are workers, clients, suppliers.†(Hubbard,1996) And â€Å"business proprietors and business chiefs should attempt to accommodate the premiums of the different stakeholders.† (Hubbard,1996) â€Å"as investors in an organization one gets certain benefits from society as conveyed through government.† â€Å"limited obligation, the capacity to gain a dollar far beyond that of the normal pay or compensation worker and a large group of other benefits.† Thus, â€Å"one ought get these benefits as well as offer back to the general public that has made them available.†(Hubbard, 1996) The social duty of business includes the financial, legitimate, moral, and optional desires that society has of associations at a given point in time. (Carroll, 1979) To summarize, I believe Corporate Social Responsibility to be a reasonable methodology. Yet, we ought not exclusively put accentuation on CSR without considering business’s objective of expanding benefit. CSR will be attractive if corporate increment its benefit however such lead and society in general is the recipient. All things considered, what amount of obligation should a corporate weight with? This is a continually troublesome issue to get a handle on. To a corporate, it ought to assess limit itself and parity the advantages internal and external before taking certain duties. Word check : 769 Reference List Friedman, M. (2002) Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hubbard, R J. (1996)The business of business isn't simply business Samson, D., Daft, R L. (2003)Management South Melbourne, Victoria

Quantitative Research Design Essay

Business explore is, ostensibly, established on the investigation of social communications inside the domain of business and exchange. Up to this point, such research has seen firm counter-position of two research ideal models: quantitative and subjective, the main getting from positivism, the last from interventionism. In reality, the positions taken by singular specialists fluctuate significantly between those like Bryman (1988) who contends for a â€Å"best of both worlds† approach by proposing that subjective and quantitative methodologies be joined to those of researchers like Hughes (1997) whom neutralizes by expressing that such technicist arrangements think little of the governmental issues of authenticity that are related with the selection of techniques. It is the reason for this article to investigate these two research structures featuring the positive perspectives just as the defects and cutoff points, and featuring the ascent of what is regularly alluded to as the â€Å"mixed† technique. The entirety of this will be seen inside a business challenge. In particular, taking a gander at the author’s proposed future research in the domain of business exchanges, the contentions introduced will mirror this circle of research. Quantitative and subjective research depend on various philosophical methodologies and philosophies. Quantitative research gets from neo-positivist way of thinking which underlines the confidence within the sight of an essential truth as its center establishment. This point of view of seeing the world deciphers in the usage of research approaches established on logical examination through factual elaborations and numerical models. The subjective methodology on the other hand, doesn't feature the nearness of outright realities yet rather certainties which are reliant on the specific point of view from which a wonder is seen through. This off base involves that subjective research is attempted fundamentally through the reception of story and consistent derivation. These distinctions show up embodied in Best and Khan’s (1989: 90-90) proclamation: â€Å"Quantitative research comprises of those examinations wherein the information concerned can be broke down as far as numbers†¦Research can likewise be quantitative, that is, it can portray occasions, people, etc deductively without the utilization of numerical data†¦Quantitative research is increasingly open and receptive to its subject. † From a first look, it shows up obvious that there are generous contrasts between the quantitative and subjective methodologies. In fact, the manner in which information is gotten, the adaptability in methodological application, the target and emotional nature of the outcomes acquired, are only a couple of the most obvious purposes of difference. Such agreements has brought about what has been characterized as the â€Å"paradigm wars† which has featured and accentuated the contradiction of the two methodologies. For an extended timeframe the quantitative methodology has been seen the best type of research for two fundamental arrangements of reason. Right off the bat, logical advancement in the only remaining century has anticipated the thought of the logical methodology as the most adept for clarifying our general surroundings. Also, the appearance of the â€Å"information age† from the 1980’s has seen the capacity of explaining an immense measure of information electronically therefore further advancing the logical methodology as the best technique to embrace for inquire about. As of late in any case, the separation between the quantitative and subjective has decreased to the point of numerous researchers pushing a discussion on the benefits of a blended research system using the qualities of the two ways of thinking. For sure, the journey for acquiring the most ideal research result has seen a reconceptualization of research techniques with a mix of the two primary ways of thinking which might be utilized to merge and convalidate (characterized as â€Å"triangulation†), invalidate information or without a doubt educate new ways regarding enquiry. To be sure, look into papers today regularly contain measurable information got from the quantitative philosophy which is then introduced and figured in interviews which put the information into the â€Å"real-world† viewpoint. The combination of the two methodologies additionally bodes well when one begins to take a gander at the shared characteristics between them. In reality, the two methodologies share the accompanying attributes: - Research venture structure - Identification of data - Information the board - Analysis of information - Empirical perceptions There are numerous different attributes which rather separate quantitative and subjective research, however a developing gathering of researchers are presently seeing these distinctions as positive in that they may strengthen as opposed to diminish one another. This is regularly alluded to as â€Å"triangulation† and I accept this to be of fundamental significance inside the setting of business inquire about. Surely, much the same as the incorporated methodology, the business circle additionally is a blend and combination of measurements, and â€Å"hard† monetary information related to â€Å"softer† story clarifications got from meetings, and center gatherings. Digging significantly more explicitly into my proposed domain of research which bases on the business arrangement philosophies received in multicultural situations and boondocks advertises, the incorporated methodology is, as I would like to think, the main methodology equipped for giving a valid and exact system for growing such research. This case is further maintained on the off chance that one considers the eleven manners by which it is conceivable to consolidate subjective and quantitative research techniques: 1)Logic of triangulation in which the discoveries from one kind of study can be checked against the discoveries from the other sort as above featured; 2)Facilitation of subjective research for quantitative research. In this case the subjective research educates the quantitative technique by giving fundamental foundation data and a unique situation; 3)Facilitation of quantitative research for subjective research. In this event quantitative research procedure assists with educating the subjective one by giving a channel and narrowing down the subjects which legitimacy further examination. 4)Quantitative and subjective methodologies are consolidated into one along these lines outfitting a more top to bottom investigation. 5)Structure and process.

Another Monday COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Another Monday COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog After a relaxing weekend, most of us return to work ready to conquer our weekly to-do list with enthusiasm and determination.   Theres always a lot to do on a Monday mainly catching up on emails from the weekend and trying to address time sensitive issues quickly.   There seems to be a lot of those these days. This Monday were also preparing for our Wednesday virtual information session (if you havent registered, theres still time to join in on the fun).   Were also preparing to hop on a plane to Houston, TX  Email us if you want to meet Alvin in person to talk about our programs and the admissions process.   Weve updated our recruitment schedule on our website with a few more off campus events we will be participating in this fall (more to come). Another big project were working on that will affect many of you soon; we are launching a new application for the fall admissions period very exciting but also complicated from the back end.   If we do it right, you wont notice a thing but if we dont put it together properly then I know our phones will ring with anxious prospective candidates.   So were aiming to get it right the first time.   This will not affect those of you interested in applying for our Spring 2014 term since we will still be on the current platform [with some improvements].   For those of you who are ready to get down to business and dont want to wait an entire year to join a great community and start working on your Master of International Affairs or Master of Public Administration degree, stay tuned for the launch of our Spring application. (Sorry, our MPA in Development Practice program is only offered in the fall.)

Reflective Paper on Gay Marriage - 2764 Words

Two Suits or Two Dresses: It’s Still Love Shaka Ammons Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Nadine Acevedo January 28, 2013 Today many people have their own opinions and beliefs when it comes down to the topic of gay marriage. I personally feel that gay marriage should be legalized. Yes God said, â€Å"That marriage is to be between a man and a woman.† My question is, â€Å"What gives people the right to judge or tell another human-being who to love or how to love?† I personally feel it’s insulting to one’s integrity and people should be able to express their love how they see fit. For centuries the United States has been known for its civil rights and freedoms. Many Americans are angered by the idea of same-sex relationships and†¦show more content†¦Such as pedophilia and polygamy which are controversial subjects but not as much as gay marriage. Even though comparing pedophilia and polygamy to gay marriage is a little much, people feel that allowing gay marriage goes against their morals, their views on society, lives they want for their children, and the future. For some violating same-sex couples civil right is worth it in the end only because they want to protect the value of a man-woman type marriage. To deny gays and lesbians the right to marry is in violation of their civil rights as a citizen of the United States of America. Legalizing gay marriage is not to attack how one feels and how they view things, but so that those can have a chance at equality also. Gay marriage is a very emotional topic and is going to be for years to come. So many people feel that homosexuality is wrong and not normal and therefore believe that homosexuals don’t deserve the right to be married. People are going to debate on whether gay marriage is â€Å"right or wrong†, that’s just the way it is. For most of it Christian groups have been the â€Å"chief of state† when it boils down to same-sex marriage. Growing up in a Christian faith home we were taught that God loves everyone. So answer this question, â€Å"Does that circle of people not include gays or lesbians?† The Constitution gives our rights thanks to the founding fathers of our country. As Americans is this country we have many rights such as freedom of speech, freedom ofShow MoreRelatedThe Social Policy Of Same Sex Marriage1303 Words   |  6 Pagescritically analyzing the social policy of same sex marriage using four Australian newspaper articles to demonstrate and examine how inequality through diversity and difference are present and experienced in the public domain. The essay will draw upon What ideological values and assumptions are present in both the newspaper articles and social policy?, What are the social justice concerns in relation to the current same sex policy?, concluding with a reflective component exploring where in relation to theRead MoreThe Law : The Common Law874 Words   |  4 Pagesof the judicial decisions that help clarify the ambiguity that often times arises out of the legislated law. The common law does a great deal of work because it helps shape and mold the legislation and allows the statutory ambiguity to be more reflective of the current state of the nation and of the body of the law itself. â€Å"Historically, [the common law] is made quite differently from the Continental code. The code precedes judgments; the common law follows them. The code articulates in chaptersRead MoreThe Cultural Perspective On My Life1315 Words   |  6 PagesSuch factors include a person s nationality, race and gender† (Ask.com). The cultural perspective has had a large impact on my life and comes out in numerous theories. Such as conformity, internalize commitment, post conventional, individuative-reflective and democratic. Conformity Conforming is when you â€Å"identify closely with dominant society† (Daniels, 2015). Starting fifth grade year, I began attempting to conform to the dominant society, since that was the majority of my school’s populationRead More1. Bridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality And Racism. 10. Bridggette3544 Words   |  15 PagesBridggette Hambrick HR5013-110 January 27, 2017 OU Advanced Programs Abstract In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing Lena. She is a lesbian trying to feel approval of the social world, and herRead MoreSummary Of Angels Of America By Ifeanyi Dike Jr. Essay2068 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis Paper – Angels in America by Ifeanyi Dike Jr 1. World/Dramatic Universe a. In Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, It’s 1985 Brooklyn, New York – 15 years before the new Millennium. It’s fall – warm and cold at once. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is emerging, yet quickly raging causing mass hysteria, fear and confusion amidst the gay community. Ronald Regan is the president of the United States and is suppressing the AIDS research by quite simply, ignoring it. Each character in this play is eitherRead MoreThe Morality of Homosexuality4311 Words   |  18 Pagessome nations and states it is illegal, and often it is considered immoral. The Bible, especially the New Testament, is firmly opposed to it, a fact that concerns people who adhere to the Bible, but it need not be a concern for those who do not. This paper is geared towards discovering the etymology/historical origin of homosexuality, types/stages of development, its effects on individuals and in fact arguments against and arguments for a homosexual alternative. At the end of this essay, I shall takeRead MoreEssay on Comparison of George Herbert Mead and Sigmund Freud3378 Words   |  14 Pages The superego will be in conflict with the id. Unlike the ego, which attempts to postpone id satisfaction to more appropriate times and places, the superego will attempt to inhibit id satisfaction completely (Schultz and Schultz, 2008). Next this paper will discuss the early life of George Herbert Mead and his contributions on the subject of the self in society from a sociological perspective. The Work of George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) George Herbert Mead a sociologist associated with the symbolicRead MoreMy Life Of The Age Of Thirty Three2250 Words   |  9 PagesSprings, Mexico, New Orleans, Las Vegas, and Chicago. I feel guilty or embarrassed by what surely sounds like gloating about our financial capacities, but I’m more so just really proud of where we are and how far we’ve come in almost ten years of marriage. However, we didn’t get here alone. Several factors have impacted our current socio-economic status and allowed us this comfortable lifestyle: our parents, careers, and practicality. First and foremost, we’re middle class citizens because our parentsRead MoreComparison of the Works of Smith and Morales2590 Words   |  10 Pagesinterpretation and the recognition of the main theme becomes fairly obvious. For this paper, we would be considering two works of Literature, one is What its like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith and the second one being the Child of the Americas by Aurora Levins Morales. Both of these poems take up the topic of racism and how it is to belong to an American society labeled as one race or the other. The paper would also see if and how the same subject of racism has been approached by the twoRead MoreRichard Nixon Was The Last Liberal Era2168 Words   |  9 Pagesof the federal government. The improprieties of Nixon’s presidency and the stagflation that took hold at the end of his term influenced the mood of the American people. This fundamental shift away from liberalism and towards conservatism is most reflective in the the presidents that succeeded Nixon. In addition, Nixon’s presidency makes it difficult, to define presidents as either liberal or conservative in the context of the twentieth century because their policies are so varied and often reflect

Essay about Dehumanization of Humanity - 1341 Words

Since the Declaration of Independence America has been the land of the free. Every man was born with inalienable rights that could not be separated from their being. When God created the world he made man king of all the animals and plants and America was the first country to realize this. Well, that is unless that man was from African roots. By simply having a different skin color certain men no longer seemed to have that inalienable right to rule over the earth, plants and animals; rather they were seen as animals themselves. The institution of slavery seemed to alienate the inalienable, enslave the world’s rulers, and dehumanize humanity. While most slaves experienced the dehumanization that slavery thrust upon them, every slave†¦show more content†¦He was a mere child when it had happened, yet remembered it so vividly that it seemed as if it had only happened the day before. When Mr. Gore took it upon himself to beat Demby he was only able to get in a few whips be fore Demby ran and stood in the river in order to avoid being beat. Mr. Gore then gave Demby the count to three to get out of the water. When Demby failed to move in the time demanded Mr. Gore, â€Å"raised his musket to [Demby’s] face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was not more. His mangled body sank out of sight, and blood and brains maker the water where he stood (Douglass, 364).† While everyone saw this horror happen, the only questioning that Mr. Gore received was why he had to do it. The thought of murder did not cross anyone’s mind. It was only seen as a waste of a commodity much like allowing a loaf of bread to spoil. By turning slaves into commodities the masters were able to physically dominate those they controlled. Education was also used as a way to control the slaves. By refusing to educate them in the ways of literacy, the slave owners were able to prevent escape and force the slaves into the darkness that coincides with illiteracy. Douglass was able to understand this form of dehumanization when his former mistress first began teaching him how to read. As hard as the master tried to keep Douglass ignorant his warning to his wife was actually the start of Douglass’s journey. Mr. Auld toldShow MoreRelatedPeople Hating People throughout History793 Words   |  3 Pageswill notice how the guards were treating the dead, which was like sacks of flour, and they will also notice how the living had to share clothing and different provisions from the dead to survive. Considering that, it is clearly present that with dehumanization around, those who are being dehumanized are not treated fairly which is not right because everyone deserves to be treated fairly. Furthermore, National Security should focus more on making people feel safe and comfortable so they have a betterRead MoreThe Death Of The Nuremberg Trials ( 1945-46 ) Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poison has Spread The Nuremberg trials (1945-46) were named â€Å"the greatest trial in history†; they focused on the crimes against humanity that the Nazi’s committed towards others in defense of being superior. They tortured people, treated them like animals, and ultimately dehumanized them. It became a fight, a trial of humanity as the world witnessed the atrocities committed by the Nazis. However, despite the occurrence of this trial and its proof of brutality towards humans, the world ignoredRead More1984 Analytical Essay861 Words   |  4 Pageslove for survival. Winston says not only to â€Å"do it to Julia!†, but to â€Å"strip he to the bones† so he does not have to go through the intense torture. He exchanges his love and his humanity in order to survive, and therefore ceases being human. Orwell shows how the limiting of creativity takes away from our humanity. In the golden country Winston is lying down enjoying the ambience. Orwell illustrates, â€Å"But by degrees the flood of music drove all speculations out of his mind†¦he stopped thinkingRead MoreThe Massacre And Abu Ghraib Torture Prison1660 Words   |  7 Pagestorture at Abu Ghraib was reported by Seymour Hersh, the same man who broke the story of My Lai in 1969. (The Learning Network, March 16, 2012). Another significant similarity between the two events, are they both demonstrate an extreme example of dehumanization. â€Å"Before we came to Vietnam you almost did not even think of Vietnamese as people, Ken Schiel admits 40 years after he took part in the massacre. (AlJazeera, December 31, 2008). Likewise, Sargent Fredrick, the senior enlisted man at Abu GhraibRead MoreLife Is Beautiful And The Novel `` Survival `` Auschwitz ``1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust affected millions of people fo r the rest of their lives. Both Primo Levi (the main character in Survival of Auschwitz) and Guido (the main character in Life is Beautiful) suffered through the dehumanization process, working long harsh hours, but the effects of the dehumanization differ through each main character. Primo and Guido are of the Italian descent and speak Italian. In the concentration camps, many different languages were spoken among the prisoners, resulting in many not beingRead MoreHumanity600 Words   |  3 Pages Humanity is a part of everyday life, but what if your humanity was lost? All throughout the human existence, there has been humanity. In the time period of humanity, humanity was put to the test. Mass genocides, cruel leaders, world wars, and many more have shown humanity at its lowest. It shows how humanity is completely destroyed in times of injustice and war. Surviving Hitler, by Andrea Warren and The Diary of Anne Frank by Goodrich and Hackett show how the Nazi party dehumanized all EuropeansRead MoreDehumanization Of Women In Shakespeares The Taming Of The Shrew795 Words   |  4 Pagesmanipulating humans in many ways. The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare should not be performed to RBHS students because it sends a detrimental message to the audience that women are dehumanized through another’s desire for money. The dehumanization of women should not be shown in a play because it is against the common morals of today’s society. In The Taming of the Shrew, the objectification of women is shown through the story of Petruchio’s search for money. When Petruchio comes to PaduaRead MoreThe Effects Of Dehumanization In Night Before The War By Elie Wiesel904 Words   |  4 PagesDehumanization, although a concrete historical fact, is not a given destiny but the result of an unjust order that engenders violence in the oppressors, which in turn dehumanizes the oppressed† (Paulo Freire). No is born violent or racist. It is only when something unjust happens, that a person feels the need to dehumanize the oppressed or themselves, even. Elie Wiesel is a perfect example of someone who experiences this dehumanization, and bears the effects of it. In his memoir Night, beforeRead MoreEssay on Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi922 Words   |  4 Pagesinflicted upon the prisoners of the concentration camp by the Schutzstaffel, through dehumanization. Levi describes â€Å"the denial of humanness† constantly forced upon the prisoners through similes, metaphors, and imagery of animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization (â€Å"Dehumanization†). He makes his readers aware of the cruel reality in the concentration camp in order to help them examine the psychological effects dehumanization has not only on those dehumanized, but also on those who dehumanize. He establishesRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And The Great Gatsby1738 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Gatsby, respectively. Each author uses the characterization of the wealthy classes to condemn the American Dream and show how people of this time portrayed by fictional characters were dehumanized. Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath portrays dehumanization through landlords and government officials, who are seen persistently harassing the Joad family, the main characters of the novel, and making their quest o f survival near impossible. On the other hand, Fitzgerald, through the use of characterization

British Imperialism in India Free Essays

â€Å"All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British â€Å"How can you do these things? They’re against your own basic values. â€Å". We will write a custom essay sample on British Imperialism in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round – it was their values that made us revolt. † -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. There is no doubt that British imperialism had a large impact on India. India, having previously been an group of independent and semi-independent princedoms and territories, underwent great change under British administration. Originally intended to consolidate their hold on India by establishing a population that spoke the same language as their rulers, the British decision in the 1830s to educate Indians in a Western fashion, with English as the language of instruction, was the beginning of a chain of events, including a rise in Indian nationalism, that led to Indian resentment of British imperialism and ultimately to the loss of British control over India. One of the most important factors in the British loss of control over India was the establishment of English as a unifying language. Prior This in turn led to further resentment of British imperialism, and claims that military regulations were an attempt by the British to destroy the traditional caste system. There was, however, much suspicion that this declaration meant nothing and that Britain had no intention of relinquishing control beyond simple aspects such as health services, agriculture and public works (Cowie, 39, 1994). Ghandi†tms Western education allowed him to develop his radical technique of â€Å"satyagraha†tm or â€Å"truth force†tm, whereby laws were opposed with the force of truth and moral consciousness instead of violence. This movement consisted mostly of British-educated intellectuals, and ironically was made possible by the British encouragement of higher education, originally intended to create a middle management that could carry out simple administration jobs. Ghandi was â€Å"†shrewd enough to utilise the nature of British rule in India to win independence without too much bloodshed† (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989). With this in mind, the Montagu Declaration was issued in 1917, promising â€Å"gradual†tm and â€Å"progressive†tm self-government for India. As well as the moderate nationalism that grew within the Indian National Congress, extreme nationalism was also becoming prevalent. While earlier in the century, the English language and European political principles gave rise to the Indian nationalist movement, these were the tools used to strengthen the movement and to create unity among the Indian people. † (Cowie, 36, 1994) This Congress, however, had no power in terms of action and it can be seen as an attempt by the British to appease Indian nationalists who wanted progress. The Indian National Congress was the largest and most obvious nationalist group, formed so that â€Å"educated Indians†could express dissatisfaction with the British colonial administration and suggest reforms. Ghandi also gained insight into his culture through â€Å"discussion with English friends on religion, both Christianity and Hinduism, which he now began to discover on a philosophical level† (Masselos, 121, 1972). The publication of magazines and journals in English was also a great influence on the rise of Indian nationalism. to British colonisation, India was fragmented and multi-lingual, with 15 major languages and around 720 dialects. But in both cases there were actually both. How to cite British Imperialism in India, Essay examples

Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept

Introduction Risk management is one of the tasks that need unparalleled attention in the construction industry. Risk management may refer to the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating the hazards or the uncertainties that alter the objectives or focus of a firm (Taylor 2003). The process of risk management is critical in the construction industry as it entails a myriad of evaluation techniques and problem-solving approaches to reducing harm or altering adverse circumstances associated with a project (Thai 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The focus of this section is to provide a risk assessment report through an evaluation of a risk-associated case study. The essay focuses on the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) as the organisation in a predesigned case to evaluate several aspects and concepts associated with risk management in a c onstruction paradigm. Identification of the Key Stakeholders According to the definitions from reliable construction studies, a stakeholder is an organisation or an individual with interests or a specific concern in a business or an organisation (Taylor 2003). Stakeholders can be organisational owners, organisational employees, organisational customers, or organisational suppliers. The primary stakeholders of the Welsh Rugby Union project are the Cardiff County Council and the Welsh Rugby Union, who were subsidiary organisations under the Millennium Stadium Plc. For the individual persons, Vemon Pugh and Glanmor Griffith were the respective chairperson and treasurer of the Welsh Rugby Union. For the Cardiff County Council, the person stakeholders were Russell Goodway (the Council Leader), Bryon Davies (the Chief Executive), and Pat Thompson (The Project Coordinator and Operations Manager). The main contractor was Liang Construction. For the subcontractors, the primary stakeholders w ere James Armstrong and Simon Turner. Identification of the WRU’s Organisational Objectives WRU had specific targets on each of the mentioned stakeholders. The Welsh Rugby Union itself took part in the project as the principal fundraiser to source for financial resources for the stadium project. The WRU organisation entrusted the Cardiff County Council to take part in the construction of the stadium as project coordinator and operations controllers. The Cardiff Country Council was to take care of project coordination and project controlling. The main contractor, the Liang Construction Company, was to take care of the construction of the stadium project through either its constructors or the subsidiary contractors (subcontractors).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aim of hiring the Liang Construction Company was to help the Cardiff County Council in project coordina tion through the processes of project management and project directorship. The subcontractors, James Armstrong and Simon Turner, were to support in project directorship and project management while the bankers were to fund the project. WRU’s desirable behavioural outcomes for the Identified Stakeholders For the stadium project to get the expected completion, WRU had some desirable behavioural outcomes for each of the identified stakeholders above (Xavier 2015a). For the Cardiff County Council, these stakeholders were to conduct themselves with the utmost professionalism, high levels of trust and cooperation, and demonstrate their power of influence in the project coordination and operations processes (Xavier 2015a). The WRU organisation expected the Liang Construction Company to conduct itself with maximum reliability, efficiency in construction deals, a high responsibility in their construction strategies, strategic planning, and execution efforts, and high levels of trust. For the subcontractors, the WRU organisation expected the managers of the sub-contraction companies, James Armstrong and Simon Turner to act with utmost professionalism, be highly time conscious, be submissive to their primary contractors, and be strategic in decision-making. The potential risks faced by the WRU Following the failure of the primary contractor, Liang Constructions, to deliver the Millennium Stadium Project within the estimated budget and expected timeline, WRU might face some potential risks. The first risk that the WRU organisation might face is financial losses due to the underestimated budget that later exceeded in several construction phases. The second risk that the WRU organisation might face is the transfer of litigation from the main contractor to the owner following the border scandal between the WRU and the CRFC airspace. The first solution to the problem of financial losses was the hiring of financial experts, who could provide financial assessments and ex pert audits to determine the actual expenditures against the estimated costs. To create a remedial action against the second problem that relates to border litigation, the Millennium Stadium Plc should have hired an independent design consultant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Strategic Factors of Each of the Stakeholders The primary stakeholders had strategic considerations that they required from the employer. For the Welsh Rugby Union, the strategic factors that the company considered from its employer, the Millennium Stadium Plc. were financial support and stability, strategic governmental associations, influence over the public, and the power to attend to legitimate complaints. The other important stakeholder is the Cardiff County Council, which relied on five main strategic factors from the employer. These strategic factors inc luded the stability of the organisation in strategic event planning and coordination, its ability to release the finances on time, its ability to source for financial solutions whenever necessary, and its ability to offer periodical changes for the coordinators. These strategic factors would help the project coordinators and operators to seek for necessary support from the employers whenever needed. Another significant stakeholder was the Liang construction company. The Liang Construction Company expected the following from the employer. The main strategic factors for the Liang Construction Company included the ability of the employer to negotiate for reasonable construction issues, the ability of the company to remain legally accountable for the issues that resulted from its mishap, and the ability of then employer to influence its subsidiary stakeholders to cooperate effectively in the program development. The other two stakeholders, who are the subcontractors, needed the company to remain responsible for supervising its main contractor, to offer the required financial and social support in the project development. For the bankers, the Barclays Bank and the Debenture Holders, the Millennium Stadium Plc was to have enough assets to support the loan, have the financial capacity to manage the finance, and have the appropriate human resource to avert the probable financial risks. Some Measures for the Stakeholders in their Business with WRU WRU seems to be an organisation that allows a certain level of corruption in its tendering procedures. To provide a sufficient benchmark for working professionally with the WRU organisations, the stakeholders, including the contractors, subcontractors, and the financiers, should develop stringent policy frameworks that will be sufficient to uphold the WRU members accountable of any malpractices (Al-bizri Gray 2010). The policy framework that the contractors and subcontractors may rely on efficient contracting process that wi ll allow the companies to subvert the risk damping the WRU may practice during the tendering and implementation of the contract (Al-bizri Gray 2010). For the financiers, the WRU may use the weakness of the contractors to swindle finances and subject the contractors to frustrations. Developing a policy framework that involves the incorporation of independent financial auditors to evaluate the financial progress in the project from the tendering to the contract awarding and project construction will be imperative.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Identification of the Hazards and Risks for the Stakeholders A risk may befall any stakeholder (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). The first and the most important part of risk management is the identification of the hazards and their associated risks in a construction project. For the contractors and constructors, the first risk related to the building of the Millennium Stadia is the presence of the un-barricaded cliff located around the Blue Mountains. This risk will probably affect the contractors and constructors in a manner that without setting up a remedial action to counter the problem, the situation may result in physical and residual risk to the public (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). The contractors and the constructors are also at a likelihood of suffering from the risk of falling of the un-barricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains and cause human suffering through an injury or death. The falling of the un-barricaded cliff may cause financial problems, political instabilities, stakeholder di sagreements, and environmental depletions. Probability (Likelihood) of Hazard and Risk Occurrence Risks will likely or unlikely occur depending on the prevailing situations in a construction site or a construction facility (Xavier 2015b). Based on the provided information on risk management, fundamental and advanced tools, the likelihood of the occurrence of a risk associated with the falling of the un-barricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains, if no remedial actions placed is three in a scale of five (3/5). This fraction represents 60% chances of risk occurrence, which means that there is a partial belief that the cliff may fall off. Without the remedial actions, the risk may occur, and the consequences may befall the public (Xavier 2015b). The potential consequences associated with the falling of the cliff at the Blue Mountains rate at five in a scale of five (5/5). The figures depict that the falling of the cliff will have severe consequences of high magnitude impact. The Mitigation (Control) Measures for the Risks Any risk associated with a construction facility or a construction project must receive attention and measures to mitigate it (Forgues Koskela 2009). A construction project under a risk of falling requires remedial solutions to avert the risk from befalling the public or the residents located within the construction premise (Forgues Koskela 2009). Providing sufficient control measures to avert a risk or hazard from affecting the civilians is the first approach that assures the compliance of the contractors in a construction project (Xavier 2015a). In the first incidence of the falling of the un-barricaded cliffs at the Blue Mountains, the mitigation or control measure instituted by the constructors is the installation of only a safety net at the base of the cliff. According to Forgues and Koskela (2009), a safety net is relevant in reducing the amount of debris or in subverting the falling debris. In the second incidence of the falling of the un-b arricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains, the mitigation strategy instituted is the construction or installation of only a fence at the foot of the cliff (Xavier 2015b). The installation of the fence at the foot of the cliff would reduce the hazards associated with the falling debris that could affect the citizens or people living near the construction premise (Forgues Koskela 2009). During the occurrence of the third incidence, that is, whenever the two remedies failed absolutely to prevent the falling of the un-barricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains, the instituted plan involves the installation of both a fence at the edge of the cliff and the construction of a safety net at the base of the un-barricaded cliff. Re-Assessment of the Likelihood of Risk Occurrence After the establishment of the three remedies, the risks associated with the falling of the cliffs changed significantly. During the first incidence, the proposed remedial action was the installation of a safety net at the ba se of the cliff. With the safety net installed in the desired construction place, the likelihood of risk occurrence remained at three in a scale of five (3/5), a fraction that represents 60% likelihood of the risk occurrence. Concerning the expected consequences, the repercussion rated at three in a scale of five (3/5), a fraction that also represents 60% chances of occurrence of consequences. The risk rating associated with the occurrence of the hazards mentioned above after the installation of the safety net was still high. This aspect means that despite the presence of the safety net, there was no assurance that the cliff could not collapse. The second remedial solution to mitigate or avert the occurrence of the risk of the collapsing cliff involved the installation of a fence at the edge of the cliff. When they installed a fence at the periphery of the cliff, the risk likelihood reduced to one in a scale of five (1/5), a fraction that represents 20% chances of risk occurrence in the construction project. Concerning the resultant consequences expected after the installation of a fence, the severity of the consequences were rated at three in a scale of five (3/5), a fraction that represents 60% of the expected consequences. Concerning the risk occurrence, the risk rating remained considerably high. When they installed both the fence and the safety net at the same time, the risk likelihood reduced to one in a scale of five (1/5), the consequences reduced to three out of five (3/5), and the risk rating was medium or average. The Type of Risk Assessable With a Quantitative Risk Tool Of the three risks that could occur in different incidences, the risk that deserves a quantitative risk assessment tool is the last risk incidence. Quantitative assessment methods are suitable when finding the conceptual differences between various aspects using the numerical values as data (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). According to the standards of research, quantitative methods will m ostly provide numerical solutions where two different concepts are requiring comparison through the provision of numerical data to assess the differences (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). The third incidence comprises a combination of two solutions integrated together in a solution matrix to provide a sustainable answer to the problem of the risky cliff. With a quantitative tool, the assessor will get varied numerical values in the two concepts before ascertaining which of the two remedies could offer the best solution. Conclusion Project construction involves various risks that can befall both the project owner and the contractors. 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