Nashville urban plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nashville urban plan - Essay Example For this to happen, Nashville must be planned in a manner that ensures that there are enough infrastructural facilities such as roads, enough housing, electricity, stadium, water and sewerage facilities. In addition, there must be enough social facilities in the city such as hospitals, schools, and religious places, as well as recreational facilities. It is only in so doing that Nashville will be able to restore its former glory and be competitive with the rest of the cities in the world. After having conducted a feasibility study in Nashville, it became apparent that Nashville lugs behind because of poor planning. For instance, Prestige Worldwide found out that the road network is a big problem in Nashville. This is because there are few roads that link the city to the rest of the country. This inconveniences communities as they take long on the roads as noted by Parfect, Power, and Ldr International (62). Furthermore, the few roads available are very narrow thereby causing traffic jams to build up very fast. As a result, people spent too long on roads either to or from Nashville. Therefore, as city planners, we have proposed the construction of bypasses to help ease congestions and reduce the traffic jams. At the same time, we have also come up with a strategy to expand the size of the roads leading into the city from its current single lane to eight dual carriages. At the same time, we shall ensure that all roundabouts causing a buildup of traffic jams to and from the city during rush hours are replaced with flyovers, which will see some cars pass from above. Certainly, this will help reduce the traffic menace currently being witnessed in Nashville. A feasibility study conducted by Prestige Worldwide also found out that public transport is a big problem in Nashville. This is because the city has a high number of people commuting from the city outskirts to the town center while there are few available means of public transport (Parfect, Power, and Ldr Interna tional 68). As a result, we intend to solve this problem by establishing both a subway and railway system. As such, we strongly believe that trains will help sort the problem of public transport in the city. The trains will be electric powered and will have a terminus at different locations where commuters will be picked at dropped. Smith and Zepp (16) reveal that Nashville is among the fastest growing cities in the U.S. with its population having doubled over the last century. In spite of the population growth, Nashville has not had enough housing structures to accommodate the growing population. This has resulted in the development of ghettos in the city. However, as the planners of the city, we have proposed the demolition of shanties build in the city, which will then be replaced with modern housing structures. We intend to oversee the construction of as many houses as possible so as to reduce the housing problem being experienced in Nashville. A feasibility study conducted with in the cities central business district also showed a lack of proper planning cause’s congestion in the city. This is because there is no pedestrian system connecting important destinations as noted by Faragher (13). As a result, we propose the construction of pedestrian lanes between houses within the central business

Research issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research issues - Essay Example Although authors like Horgen, Datar and Foster 2003 (as cited in Boyns & Edwards, 2013, p.22) provided separate definition of these two terms, it is difficult to see where they draw a line in-between these two. They defined management accounting as â€Å"It measures and reports financial and non-financial information that helps managers make decision to fulfil the goals of an organization† and defined cost accounting as â€Å"measuring and reporting financial and non-financial information relating to the cost of acquiring or utilizing resources in an organization†. As evident from these definitions, there is actually no difference in these definitions besides the shift of focus. Where one focus on achievement of organizations goal, the other focus on cost of resources that will help the organization to achieve it resources. It is evident that management accounting is the accounting, which will help organization in achieving its objectives. The widely accepted definition of management accounting according to the  Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, is "the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, interpretation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources. Management accounting also comprises the preparation of financial reports for non-management groups such as shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and tax authorities"  (CIMA Official Terminology, 2005). History The belief about the history of management accounting is that it existed even before the incorporation of large multi-national organizations. The small organizations doing business at that time also had the need to survive in the long run and needed the maintenance of positive cash flows to achieve this survival. These organizations needed some to direct their affairs to achieve their objectives. Those allotted the position of responsibility to achieve these objectives clearly needed specific information and details of the business to ensure long-term survival. As these details were supplied in form of accounting information, these firms were following management accounting even at that time. However, as there is no tangible proof to verify this history, it has not allotted much importance (Boyns & Edwards, 2013). The basic start of management accounting is associated with E.I du Pont de Nemours and Company, common name DuPoint. In 1903, the owners of the company Coleman, Alfred and Pierru du Point took a challenge upon themselves, which lead to the proper establishment of management accounting. The company was majorly a gunpowder manufacturing company, a very successful company facing severe competition, it was at that point its owner decided to start â€Å"forward integrating† by establishing their own network of branch sale offices throughout the whole United States. They also initiated â₠¬Å"backward integration† by buying out numerous of their supplier, with this they emerged as the largest vertical company in the United States. This huge structure of the organization created frenzy on how to manage it and lead to the innovation and use of management accounting techniques of budgeting and return on investment so that