Another Monday COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Another Monday COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog After a relaxing weekend, most of us return to work ready to conquer our weekly to-do list with enthusiasm and determination.   Theres always a lot to do on a Monday mainly catching up on emails from the weekend and trying to address time sensitive issues quickly.   There seems to be a lot of those these days. This Monday were also preparing for our Wednesday virtual information session (if you havent registered, theres still time to join in on the fun).   Were also preparing to hop on a plane to Houston, TX  Email us if you want to meet Alvin in person to talk about our programs and the admissions process.   Weve updated our recruitment schedule on our website with a few more off campus events we will be participating in this fall (more to come). Another big project were working on that will affect many of you soon; we are launching a new application for the fall admissions period very exciting but also complicated from the back end.   If we do it right, you wont notice a thing but if we dont put it together properly then I know our phones will ring with anxious prospective candidates.   So were aiming to get it right the first time.   This will not affect those of you interested in applying for our Spring 2014 term since we will still be on the current platform [with some improvements].   For those of you who are ready to get down to business and dont want to wait an entire year to join a great community and start working on your Master of International Affairs or Master of Public Administration degree, stay tuned for the launch of our Spring application. (Sorry, our MPA in Development Practice program is only offered in the fall.)

Reflective Paper on Gay Marriage - 2764 Words

Two Suits or Two Dresses: It’s Still Love Shaka Ammons Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Nadine Acevedo January 28, 2013 Today many people have their own opinions and beliefs when it comes down to the topic of gay marriage. I personally feel that gay marriage should be legalized. Yes God said, â€Å"That marriage is to be between a man and a woman.† My question is, â€Å"What gives people the right to judge or tell another human-being who to love or how to love?† I personally feel it’s insulting to one’s integrity and people should be able to express their love how they see fit. For centuries the United States has been known for its civil rights and freedoms. Many Americans are angered by the idea of same-sex relationships and†¦show more content†¦Such as pedophilia and polygamy which are controversial subjects but not as much as gay marriage. Even though comparing pedophilia and polygamy to gay marriage is a little much, people feel that allowing gay marriage goes against their morals, their views on society, lives they want for their children, and the future. For some violating same-sex couples civil right is worth it in the end only because they want to protect the value of a man-woman type marriage. To deny gays and lesbians the right to marry is in violation of their civil rights as a citizen of the United States of America. Legalizing gay marriage is not to attack how one feels and how they view things, but so that those can have a chance at equality also. Gay marriage is a very emotional topic and is going to be for years to come. So many people feel that homosexuality is wrong and not normal and therefore believe that homosexuals don’t deserve the right to be married. People are going to debate on whether gay marriage is â€Å"right or wrong†, that’s just the way it is. For most of it Christian groups have been the â€Å"chief of state† when it boils down to same-sex marriage. Growing up in a Christian faith home we were taught that God loves everyone. So answer this question, â€Å"Does that circle of people not include gays or lesbians?† The Constitution gives our rights thanks to the founding fathers of our country. As Americans is this country we have many rights such as freedom of speech, freedom ofShow MoreRelatedThe Social Policy Of Same Sex Marriage1303 Words   |  6 Pagescritically analyzing the social policy of same sex marriage using four Australian newspaper articles to demonstrate and examine how inequality through diversity and difference are present and experienced in the public domain. The essay will draw upon What ideological values and assumptions are present in both the newspaper articles and social policy?, What are the social justice concerns in relation to the current same sex policy?, concluding with a reflective component exploring where in relation to theRead MoreThe Law : The Common Law874 Words   |  4 Pagesof the judicial decisions that help clarify the ambiguity that often times arises out of the legislated law. The common law does a great deal of work because it helps shape and mold the legislation and allows the statutory ambiguity to be more reflective of the current state of the nation and of the body of the law itself. â€Å"Historically, [the common law] is made quite differently from the Continental code. The code precedes judgments; the common law follows them. The code articulates in chaptersRead MoreThe Cultural Perspective On My Life1315 Words   |  6 PagesSuch factors include a person s nationality, race and gender† (Ask.com). The cultural perspective has had a large impact on my life and comes out in numerous theories. Such as conformity, internalize commitment, post conventional, individuative-reflective and democratic. Conformity Conforming is when you â€Å"identify closely with dominant society† (Daniels, 2015). Starting fifth grade year, I began attempting to conform to the dominant society, since that was the majority of my school’s populationRead More1. Bridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality And Racism. 10. Bridggette3544 Words   |  15 PagesBridggette Hambrick HR5013-110 January 27, 2017 OU Advanced Programs Abstract In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing Lena. She is a lesbian trying to feel approval of the social world, and herRead MoreSummary Of Angels Of America By Ifeanyi Dike Jr. Essay2068 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis Paper – Angels in America by Ifeanyi Dike Jr 1. World/Dramatic Universe a. In Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, It’s 1985 Brooklyn, New York – 15 years before the new Millennium. It’s fall – warm and cold at once. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is emerging, yet quickly raging causing mass hysteria, fear and confusion amidst the gay community. Ronald Regan is the president of the United States and is suppressing the AIDS research by quite simply, ignoring it. Each character in this play is eitherRead MoreThe Morality of Homosexuality4311 Words   |  18 Pagessome nations and states it is illegal, and often it is considered immoral. The Bible, especially the New Testament, is firmly opposed to it, a fact that concerns people who adhere to the Bible, but it need not be a concern for those who do not. This paper is geared towards discovering the etymology/historical origin of homosexuality, types/stages of development, its effects on individuals and in fact arguments against and arguments for a homosexual alternative. At the end of this essay, I shall takeRead MoreEssay on Comparison of George Herbert Mead and Sigmund Freud3378 Words   |  14 Pages The superego will be in conflict with the id. Unlike the ego, which attempts to postpone id satisfaction to more appropriate times and places, the superego will attempt to inhibit id satisfaction completely (Schultz and Schultz, 2008). Next this paper will discuss the early life of George Herbert Mead and his contributions on the subject of the self in society from a sociological perspective. The Work of George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) George Herbert Mead a sociologist associated with the symbolicRead MoreMy Life Of The Age Of Thirty Three2250 Words   |  9 PagesSprings, Mexico, New Orleans, Las Vegas, and Chicago. I feel guilty or embarrassed by what surely sounds like gloating about our financial capacities, but I’m more so just really proud of where we are and how far we’ve come in almost ten years of marriage. However, we didn’t get here alone. Several factors have impacted our current socio-economic status and allowed us this comfortable lifestyle: our parents, careers, and practicality. First and foremost, we’re middle class citizens because our parentsRead MoreComparison of the Works of Smith and Morales2590 Words   |  10 Pagesinterpretation and the recognition of the main theme becomes fairly obvious. For this paper, we would be considering two works of Literature, one is What its like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith and the second one being the Child of the Americas by Aurora Levins Morales. Both of these poems take up the topic of racism and how it is to belong to an American society labeled as one race or the other. The paper would also see if and how the same subject of racism has been approached by the twoRead MoreRichard Nixon Was The Last Liberal Era2168 Words   |  9 Pagesof the federal government. The improprieties of Nixon’s presidency and the stagflation that took hold at the end of his term influenced the mood of the American people. This fundamental shift away from liberalism and towards conservatism is most reflective in the the presidents that succeeded Nixon. In addition, Nixon’s presidency makes it difficult, to define presidents as either liberal or conservative in the context of the twentieth century because their policies are so varied and often reflect

Essay about Dehumanization of Humanity - 1341 Words

Since the Declaration of Independence America has been the land of the free. Every man was born with inalienable rights that could not be separated from their being. When God created the world he made man king of all the animals and plants and America was the first country to realize this. Well, that is unless that man was from African roots. By simply having a different skin color certain men no longer seemed to have that inalienable right to rule over the earth, plants and animals; rather they were seen as animals themselves. The institution of slavery seemed to alienate the inalienable, enslave the world’s rulers, and dehumanize humanity. While most slaves experienced the dehumanization that slavery thrust upon them, every slave†¦show more content†¦He was a mere child when it had happened, yet remembered it so vividly that it seemed as if it had only happened the day before. When Mr. Gore took it upon himself to beat Demby he was only able to get in a few whips be fore Demby ran and stood in the river in order to avoid being beat. Mr. Gore then gave Demby the count to three to get out of the water. When Demby failed to move in the time demanded Mr. Gore, â€Å"raised his musket to [Demby’s] face, taking deadly aim at his standing victim, and in an instant poor Demby was not more. His mangled body sank out of sight, and blood and brains maker the water where he stood (Douglass, 364).† While everyone saw this horror happen, the only questioning that Mr. Gore received was why he had to do it. The thought of murder did not cross anyone’s mind. It was only seen as a waste of a commodity much like allowing a loaf of bread to spoil. By turning slaves into commodities the masters were able to physically dominate those they controlled. Education was also used as a way to control the slaves. By refusing to educate them in the ways of literacy, the slave owners were able to prevent escape and force the slaves into the darkness that coincides with illiteracy. Douglass was able to understand this form of dehumanization when his former mistress first began teaching him how to read. As hard as the master tried to keep Douglass ignorant his warning to his wife was actually the start of Douglass’s journey. Mr. Auld toldShow MoreRelatedPeople Hating People throughout History793 Words   |  3 Pageswill notice how the guards were treating the dead, which was like sacks of flour, and they will also notice how the living had to share clothing and different provisions from the dead to survive. Considering that, it is clearly present that with dehumanization around, those who are being dehumanized are not treated fairly which is not right because everyone deserves to be treated fairly. Furthermore, National Security should focus more on making people feel safe and comfortable so they have a betterRead MoreThe Death Of The Nuremberg Trials ( 1945-46 ) Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poison has Spread The Nuremberg trials (1945-46) were named â€Å"the greatest trial in history†; they focused on the crimes against humanity that the Nazi’s committed towards others in defense of being superior. They tortured people, treated them like animals, and ultimately dehumanized them. It became a fight, a trial of humanity as the world witnessed the atrocities committed by the Nazis. However, despite the occurrence of this trial and its proof of brutality towards humans, the world ignoredRead More1984 Analytical Essay861 Words   |  4 Pageslove for survival. Winston says not only to â€Å"do it to Julia!†, but to â€Å"strip he to the bones† so he does not have to go through the intense torture. He exchanges his love and his humanity in order to survive, and therefore ceases being human. Orwell shows how the limiting of creativity takes away from our humanity. In the golden country Winston is lying down enjoying the ambience. Orwell illustrates, â€Å"But by degrees the flood of music drove all speculations out of his mind†¦he stopped thinkingRead MoreThe Massacre And Abu Ghraib Torture Prison1660 Words   |  7 Pagestorture at Abu Ghraib was reported by Seymour Hersh, the same man who broke the story of My Lai in 1969. (The Learning Network, March 16, 2012). Another significant similarity between the two events, are they both demonstrate an extreme example of dehumanization. â€Å"Before we came to Vietnam you almost did not even think of Vietnamese as people, Ken Schiel admits 40 years after he took part in the massacre. (AlJazeera, December 31, 2008). Likewise, Sargent Fredrick, the senior enlisted man at Abu GhraibRead MoreLife Is Beautiful And The Novel `` Survival `` Auschwitz ``1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust affected millions of people fo r the rest of their lives. Both Primo Levi (the main character in Survival of Auschwitz) and Guido (the main character in Life is Beautiful) suffered through the dehumanization process, working long harsh hours, but the effects of the dehumanization differ through each main character. Primo and Guido are of the Italian descent and speak Italian. In the concentration camps, many different languages were spoken among the prisoners, resulting in many not beingRead MoreHumanity600 Words   |  3 Pages Humanity is a part of everyday life, but what if your humanity was lost? All throughout the human existence, there has been humanity. In the time period of humanity, humanity was put to the test. Mass genocides, cruel leaders, world wars, and many more have shown humanity at its lowest. It shows how humanity is completely destroyed in times of injustice and war. Surviving Hitler, by Andrea Warren and The Diary of Anne Frank by Goodrich and Hackett show how the Nazi party dehumanized all EuropeansRead MoreDehumanization Of Women In Shakespeares The Taming Of The Shrew795 Words   |  4 Pagesmanipulating humans in many ways. The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare should not be performed to RBHS students because it sends a detrimental message to the audience that women are dehumanized through another’s desire for money. The dehumanization of women should not be shown in a play because it is against the common morals of today’s society. In The Taming of the Shrew, the objectification of women is shown through the story of Petruchio’s search for money. When Petruchio comes to PaduaRead MoreThe Effects Of Dehumanization In Night Before The War By Elie Wiesel904 Words   |  4 PagesDehumanization, although a concrete historical fact, is not a given destiny but the result of an unjust order that engenders violence in the oppressors, which in turn dehumanizes the oppressed† (Paulo Freire). No is born violent or racist. It is only when something unjust happens, that a person feels the need to dehumanize the oppressed or themselves, even. Elie Wiesel is a perfect example of someone who experiences this dehumanization, and bears the effects of it. In his memoir Night, beforeRead MoreEssay on Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi922 Words   |  4 Pagesinflicted upon the prisoners of the concentration camp by the Schutzstaffel, through dehumanization. Levi describes â€Å"the denial of humanness† constantly forced upon the prisoners through similes, metaphors, and imagery of animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization (â€Å"Dehumanization†). He makes his readers aware of the cruel reality in the concentration camp in order to help them examine the psychological effects dehumanization has not only on those dehumanized, but also on those who dehumanize. He establishesRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And The Great Gatsby1738 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Gatsby, respectively. Each author uses the characterization of the wealthy classes to condemn the American Dream and show how people of this time portrayed by fictional characters were dehumanized. Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath portrays dehumanization through landlords and government officials, who are seen persistently harassing the Joad family, the main characters of the novel, and making their quest o f survival near impossible. On the other hand, Fitzgerald, through the use of characterization

British Imperialism in India Free Essays

â€Å"All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British â€Å"How can you do these things? They’re against your own basic values. â€Å". We will write a custom essay sample on British Imperialism in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round – it was their values that made us revolt. † -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. There is no doubt that British imperialism had a large impact on India. India, having previously been an group of independent and semi-independent princedoms and territories, underwent great change under British administration. Originally intended to consolidate their hold on India by establishing a population that spoke the same language as their rulers, the British decision in the 1830s to educate Indians in a Western fashion, with English as the language of instruction, was the beginning of a chain of events, including a rise in Indian nationalism, that led to Indian resentment of British imperialism and ultimately to the loss of British control over India. One of the most important factors in the British loss of control over India was the establishment of English as a unifying language. Prior This in turn led to further resentment of British imperialism, and claims that military regulations were an attempt by the British to destroy the traditional caste system. There was, however, much suspicion that this declaration meant nothing and that Britain had no intention of relinquishing control beyond simple aspects such as health services, agriculture and public works (Cowie, 39, 1994). Ghandi†tms Western education allowed him to develop his radical technique of â€Å"satyagraha†tm or â€Å"truth force†tm, whereby laws were opposed with the force of truth and moral consciousness instead of violence. This movement consisted mostly of British-educated intellectuals, and ironically was made possible by the British encouragement of higher education, originally intended to create a middle management that could carry out simple administration jobs. Ghandi was â€Å"†shrewd enough to utilise the nature of British rule in India to win independence without too much bloodshed† (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989). With this in mind, the Montagu Declaration was issued in 1917, promising â€Å"gradual†tm and â€Å"progressive†tm self-government for India. As well as the moderate nationalism that grew within the Indian National Congress, extreme nationalism was also becoming prevalent. While earlier in the century, the English language and European political principles gave rise to the Indian nationalist movement, these were the tools used to strengthen the movement and to create unity among the Indian people. † (Cowie, 36, 1994) This Congress, however, had no power in terms of action and it can be seen as an attempt by the British to appease Indian nationalists who wanted progress. The Indian National Congress was the largest and most obvious nationalist group, formed so that â€Å"educated Indians†could express dissatisfaction with the British colonial administration and suggest reforms. Ghandi also gained insight into his culture through â€Å"discussion with English friends on religion, both Christianity and Hinduism, which he now began to discover on a philosophical level† (Masselos, 121, 1972). The publication of magazines and journals in English was also a great influence on the rise of Indian nationalism. to British colonisation, India was fragmented and multi-lingual, with 15 major languages and around 720 dialects. But in both cases there were actually both. How to cite British Imperialism in India, Essay examples

Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept

Introduction Risk management is one of the tasks that need unparalleled attention in the construction industry. Risk management may refer to the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating the hazards or the uncertainties that alter the objectives or focus of a firm (Taylor 2003). The process of risk management is critical in the construction industry as it entails a myriad of evaluation techniques and problem-solving approaches to reducing harm or altering adverse circumstances associated with a project (Thai 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The focus of this section is to provide a risk assessment report through an evaluation of a risk-associated case study. The essay focuses on the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) as the organisation in a predesigned case to evaluate several aspects and concepts associated with risk management in a c onstruction paradigm. Identification of the Key Stakeholders According to the definitions from reliable construction studies, a stakeholder is an organisation or an individual with interests or a specific concern in a business or an organisation (Taylor 2003). Stakeholders can be organisational owners, organisational employees, organisational customers, or organisational suppliers. The primary stakeholders of the Welsh Rugby Union project are the Cardiff County Council and the Welsh Rugby Union, who were subsidiary organisations under the Millennium Stadium Plc. For the individual persons, Vemon Pugh and Glanmor Griffith were the respective chairperson and treasurer of the Welsh Rugby Union. For the Cardiff County Council, the person stakeholders were Russell Goodway (the Council Leader), Bryon Davies (the Chief Executive), and Pat Thompson (The Project Coordinator and Operations Manager). The main contractor was Liang Construction. For the subcontractors, the primary stakeholders w ere James Armstrong and Simon Turner. Identification of the WRU’s Organisational Objectives WRU had specific targets on each of the mentioned stakeholders. The Welsh Rugby Union itself took part in the project as the principal fundraiser to source for financial resources for the stadium project. The WRU organisation entrusted the Cardiff County Council to take part in the construction of the stadium as project coordinator and operations controllers. The Cardiff Country Council was to take care of project coordination and project controlling. The main contractor, the Liang Construction Company, was to take care of the construction of the stadium project through either its constructors or the subsidiary contractors (subcontractors).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aim of hiring the Liang Construction Company was to help the Cardiff County Council in project coordina tion through the processes of project management and project directorship. The subcontractors, James Armstrong and Simon Turner, were to support in project directorship and project management while the bankers were to fund the project. WRU’s desirable behavioural outcomes for the Identified Stakeholders For the stadium project to get the expected completion, WRU had some desirable behavioural outcomes for each of the identified stakeholders above (Xavier 2015a). For the Cardiff County Council, these stakeholders were to conduct themselves with the utmost professionalism, high levels of trust and cooperation, and demonstrate their power of influence in the project coordination and operations processes (Xavier 2015a). The WRU organisation expected the Liang Construction Company to conduct itself with maximum reliability, efficiency in construction deals, a high responsibility in their construction strategies, strategic planning, and execution efforts, and high levels of trust. For the subcontractors, the WRU organisation expected the managers of the sub-contraction companies, James Armstrong and Simon Turner to act with utmost professionalism, be highly time conscious, be submissive to their primary contractors, and be strategic in decision-making. The potential risks faced by the WRU Following the failure of the primary contractor, Liang Constructions, to deliver the Millennium Stadium Project within the estimated budget and expected timeline, WRU might face some potential risks. The first risk that the WRU organisation might face is financial losses due to the underestimated budget that later exceeded in several construction phases. The second risk that the WRU organisation might face is the transfer of litigation from the main contractor to the owner following the border scandal between the WRU and the CRFC airspace. The first solution to the problem of financial losses was the hiring of financial experts, who could provide financial assessments and ex pert audits to determine the actual expenditures against the estimated costs. To create a remedial action against the second problem that relates to border litigation, the Millennium Stadium Plc should have hired an independent design consultant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Strategic Factors of Each of the Stakeholders The primary stakeholders had strategic considerations that they required from the employer. For the Welsh Rugby Union, the strategic factors that the company considered from its employer, the Millennium Stadium Plc. were financial support and stability, strategic governmental associations, influence over the public, and the power to attend to legitimate complaints. The other important stakeholder is the Cardiff County Council, which relied on five main strategic factors from the employer. These strategic factors inc luded the stability of the organisation in strategic event planning and coordination, its ability to release the finances on time, its ability to source for financial solutions whenever necessary, and its ability to offer periodical changes for the coordinators. These strategic factors would help the project coordinators and operators to seek for necessary support from the employers whenever needed. Another significant stakeholder was the Liang construction company. The Liang Construction Company expected the following from the employer. The main strategic factors for the Liang Construction Company included the ability of the employer to negotiate for reasonable construction issues, the ability of the company to remain legally accountable for the issues that resulted from its mishap, and the ability of then employer to influence its subsidiary stakeholders to cooperate effectively in the program development. The other two stakeholders, who are the subcontractors, needed the company to remain responsible for supervising its main contractor, to offer the required financial and social support in the project development. For the bankers, the Barclays Bank and the Debenture Holders, the Millennium Stadium Plc was to have enough assets to support the loan, have the financial capacity to manage the finance, and have the appropriate human resource to avert the probable financial risks. Some Measures for the Stakeholders in their Business with WRU WRU seems to be an organisation that allows a certain level of corruption in its tendering procedures. To provide a sufficient benchmark for working professionally with the WRU organisations, the stakeholders, including the contractors, subcontractors, and the financiers, should develop stringent policy frameworks that will be sufficient to uphold the WRU members accountable of any malpractices (Al-bizri Gray 2010). The policy framework that the contractors and subcontractors may rely on efficient contracting process that wi ll allow the companies to subvert the risk damping the WRU may practice during the tendering and implementation of the contract (Al-bizri Gray 2010). For the financiers, the WRU may use the weakness of the contractors to swindle finances and subject the contractors to frustrations. Developing a policy framework that involves the incorporation of independent financial auditors to evaluate the financial progress in the project from the tendering to the contract awarding and project construction will be imperative.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Identification of the Hazards and Risks for the Stakeholders A risk may befall any stakeholder (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). The first and the most important part of risk management is the identification of the hazards and their associated risks in a construction project. For the contractors and constructors, the first risk related to the building of the Millennium Stadia is the presence of the un-barricaded cliff located around the Blue Mountains. This risk will probably affect the contractors and constructors in a manner that without setting up a remedial action to counter the problem, the situation may result in physical and residual risk to the public (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). The contractors and the constructors are also at a likelihood of suffering from the risk of falling of the un-barricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains and cause human suffering through an injury or death. The falling of the un-barricaded cliff may cause financial problems, political instabilities, stakeholder di sagreements, and environmental depletions. Probability (Likelihood) of Hazard and Risk Occurrence Risks will likely or unlikely occur depending on the prevailing situations in a construction site or a construction facility (Xavier 2015b). Based on the provided information on risk management, fundamental and advanced tools, the likelihood of the occurrence of a risk associated with the falling of the un-barricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains, if no remedial actions placed is three in a scale of five (3/5). This fraction represents 60% chances of risk occurrence, which means that there is a partial belief that the cliff may fall off. Without the remedial actions, the risk may occur, and the consequences may befall the public (Xavier 2015b). The potential consequences associated with the falling of the cliff at the Blue Mountains rate at five in a scale of five (5/5). The figures depict that the falling of the cliff will have severe consequences of high magnitude impact. The Mitigation (Control) Measures for the Risks Any risk associated with a construction facility or a construction project must receive attention and measures to mitigate it (Forgues Koskela 2009). A construction project under a risk of falling requires remedial solutions to avert the risk from befalling the public or the residents located within the construction premise (Forgues Koskela 2009). Providing sufficient control measures to avert a risk or hazard from affecting the civilians is the first approach that assures the compliance of the contractors in a construction project (Xavier 2015a). In the first incidence of the falling of the un-barricaded cliffs at the Blue Mountains, the mitigation or control measure instituted by the constructors is the installation of only a safety net at the base of the cliff. According to Forgues and Koskela (2009), a safety net is relevant in reducing the amount of debris or in subverting the falling debris. In the second incidence of the falling of the un-b arricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains, the mitigation strategy instituted is the construction or installation of only a fence at the foot of the cliff (Xavier 2015b). The installation of the fence at the foot of the cliff would reduce the hazards associated with the falling debris that could affect the citizens or people living near the construction premise (Forgues Koskela 2009). During the occurrence of the third incidence, that is, whenever the two remedies failed absolutely to prevent the falling of the un-barricaded cliff at the Blue Mountains, the instituted plan involves the installation of both a fence at the edge of the cliff and the construction of a safety net at the base of the un-barricaded cliff. Re-Assessment of the Likelihood of Risk Occurrence After the establishment of the three remedies, the risks associated with the falling of the cliffs changed significantly. During the first incidence, the proposed remedial action was the installation of a safety net at the ba se of the cliff. With the safety net installed in the desired construction place, the likelihood of risk occurrence remained at three in a scale of five (3/5), a fraction that represents 60% likelihood of the risk occurrence. Concerning the expected consequences, the repercussion rated at three in a scale of five (3/5), a fraction that also represents 60% chances of occurrence of consequences. The risk rating associated with the occurrence of the hazards mentioned above after the installation of the safety net was still high. This aspect means that despite the presence of the safety net, there was no assurance that the cliff could not collapse. The second remedial solution to mitigate or avert the occurrence of the risk of the collapsing cliff involved the installation of a fence at the edge of the cliff. When they installed a fence at the periphery of the cliff, the risk likelihood reduced to one in a scale of five (1/5), a fraction that represents 20% chances of risk occurrence in the construction project. Concerning the resultant consequences expected after the installation of a fence, the severity of the consequences were rated at three in a scale of five (3/5), a fraction that represents 60% of the expected consequences. Concerning the risk occurrence, the risk rating remained considerably high. When they installed both the fence and the safety net at the same time, the risk likelihood reduced to one in a scale of five (1/5), the consequences reduced to three out of five (3/5), and the risk rating was medium or average. The Type of Risk Assessable With a Quantitative Risk Tool Of the three risks that could occur in different incidences, the risk that deserves a quantitative risk assessment tool is the last risk incidence. Quantitative assessment methods are suitable when finding the conceptual differences between various aspects using the numerical values as data (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). According to the standards of research, quantitative methods will m ostly provide numerical solutions where two different concepts are requiring comparison through the provision of numerical data to assess the differences (Jorgensen Emmitt 2008). The third incidence comprises a combination of two solutions integrated together in a solution matrix to provide a sustainable answer to the problem of the risky cliff. With a quantitative tool, the assessor will get varied numerical values in the two concepts before ascertaining which of the two remedies could offer the best solution. Conclusion Project construction involves various risks that can befall both the project owner and the contractors. The case of the Millennium Stadium Plc and the Liang Construction is one among the construction contracts that reveal significant lapses in the proper tendering and procurement of the contractor services in the public construction tenders. Lack of proper understanding of the procurement and tendering processes, hurry towards winning the construction tenders, and improper cost estimations are among the first lapses that most of the employers and prime contractors fail to understand while entering in construction agreements. However, in the case where hazards are identified, it is important to avert the risks by setting up remedial actions to subvert the risks. Reference List Al-bizri, S. Gray, C. 2010, ‘Management framework for technology clusters implementation’, Construction Management and Economics, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 771-782. Cha, H. O’Connor, J. 2005, ‘Optimising Implementation of Value Management Processes for Capital Projects’, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 131, no. 2, 239–251. Chan, A., Scott, D., Lam, E. 2002, ‘Framework of Success Criteria for Design/Build Projects,’ Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 120-128. Eriksson, P. Laan, A. 2007, ‘Procurement Effects on Trust and Control in Client-Contractor Relat ionships’, Engineering, Construction, and Architectural Management, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 387-399. Forgues, D. Koskela, L. 2009, ‘The influence of a collaborative procurement approach using integrated design in construction on project team performance’, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, vol. 2, no. 3, pp-370-385. Henjewele C., Sun, M., Fewings, P. 2012, ‘Analysis of Factors affecting Value for Money in UK PFI Projects’, Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 9-28. Jaafar, M. Aziz, A. 2009, ‘Procurement reform in public sector governance: A timely necessity’, The Malaysian Surveyor, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 25-29. Jorgensen, S. Emmitt, S. 2008, ‘Lost in transition: the transfer of lean manufacturing to construction’, Engineering, Construction, and Architectural Management, vol. 15 no. 4 pp. 383-398. Mead, J. Gruneberg, S. 2013, Programme Procurement in Constructio n: Learning from London 2012, Wiley, New York. Naoum, S. Egbu, C. 2003, ‘Critical Review of Procurement Method Research in Construction Journals’, Procedia Economics and Finance, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6-13. PWGSC: Procurement Management Manual 2014. Web. Taylor, T. 2003, ‘The Proper Use of Offsets in International Procurement’, Journal of Public Procurement, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 338-356. Thai, K. 2001, ‘Public Procurement Re-examined’, Journal of Public Procurement, vol. 1 no.1, pp. 9-50. Wong, F., Lam, P, Chan, E Shen, L 2007, ‘A study of measures to improve constructability’, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 586-601. Xavier, P. 2015a, Risk Management, Part I: Concepts Strategy. Web. Xavier, P. 2015b, Risk Management, Part II: Methodologies Tools. Web. This essay on Welsh Rugby Union Risk Management Concept was written and submitted by user Edward Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Columbias internal Conflicts essays

Columbia's internal Conflicts essays Columbia is located in the Northwest of South America with one coast along the Pacific and the other along the Caribbean Sea. While the population is very diversified, more than half of the people are of Spanish-Indian decent. European ancestry makes up the next biggest percentage, along with the blacks, mulattos, and zambos (black-Indian mix). Instability in politics and the people began in the beginning when the people won their land over the Spanish royalists. After the defeat of the Spanish army, the republic consisted of all of the formerly Spanish owned land. Simon Bolivar was elected its first President and Francisco de Paula Santander, Vice President. Two political parties that grew out of conflicts between the followers of Bolivar and Santander, the Conservatives and the Liberals, have dominated Colombian politics. The conflicts stemmed from ideas of the Conservatives who wanted a centralized government that ruled in affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church. The lib erals, Santanders followers, were in favor of a de-centralized government, where the church did not have power over educational and civil issues. Both parties held office throughout history almost an equal number of times. Despite the constant instability, the government was able to maintain its democratic way of electing a different leader every four years. Notwithstanding the country's commitment to democratic institutions, Colombia's history has been characterized by periods of widespread, violent conflict. Two civil wars resulted from bitter rivalry between the Conservative and Liberal Parties. The War of a Thousand Days (1899-1902) cost an estimated 100,000 lives, and up to 300,000 people perished during "La violencia" (The Violence) of the late 1940s and 1950s. Although Columbia started with the grounds of a growing economy, it flourished as a battle zone for those producing and trafficking drugs. ...

Mariner 4 - Mission to Mars - Brief History of Mariner 4 Mission to Mars

Mariner 4 - Mission to Mars - Brief History of Mariner 4 Mission to Mars Mars is in the news a lot these days. Movies about exploration of the planet are popular, and several space agencies around the world are planning human missions in the next decades. Yet, there was a time not so long ago in human history when NO mission had been to the Red Planet. That was in the early 1960s, when the Space Age was picking up momentujm. Since then, scientists have been exploring the planet Mars with robotic spacecraft: mappers, landers, rovers, and orbiters  such as Mars Curiousity, as well as the Hubble Space Telescope, which observes Mars from orbit around Earth.  But, there had to be a first successful mission to get this all started. Mars excitement began when Mariner 4 arrived at the Red Planet on July 15, 1965. It got as close as 9,846 km (6,118 miles) from the surface and returned the first good images of the cratered, dusty terrain. It was not the first mission launched to Mars, but it was the first successful one.   What Did Mariner 4 Show Us? The Mariner 4 mission, which was the fourth in a series of planetary exploration missions, revealed the cratered, rust-colored surface of the planet. Astronomers knew Mars was red from years of ground-based observations. However, they were amazed at the color seen in the spacecrafts images. Even more surprising were pictures that showed regions showing evidence that liquid water had once etched its way across the surface. Yet, there was NO evidence of liquid water anywhere to be found.   In addition to various field and particle sensors and detectors, the Mariner 4 spacecraft had a television camera, which took 22 television pictures covering about 1% of the planet. Initially stored on a 4-track tape recorder, these pictures took four days to transmit to Earth. Once past Mars, Mariner 4 orbited the Sun prior to returning to the vicinity of Earth in 1967. Engineers then decided to use the aging craft for a series of operational and telemetry tests to improve their knowledge of the technologies that would be needed for future interplanetary spacecraft. All in all, the mission was a great success. Not only did it serve as a proof of concept for successful planetary exploration missions, but its 22 images also revealed Mars for what it really is: a dry, cold, dusty and apparently lifeless world.   Mariner 4 Was Designed For Planetary Exploration NASA built the Mariner 4 mission to Mars to  be tough enough to get to the planet and then study it with a set of instruments during its quick flyby. Then, it had to survive the trip back around the Sun and supply more data as it flew. Mariner 4s  instruments and cameras had the following tasks: study interplanetary fields and particles, including the magnetic field of Mars, cosmic dust, cosmic rays, and the solar wind;take close-up images of Mars in hopes of discovering the geologic and atmospheric processes at work on the planet over the eons;provide experience in operating long-term interplanetary missions.   The spacecraft was powered by solar cells that provided about 300 watts of power for the ships instruments and television camera. Nitrogen gas tanks supplied fuel for attitude control during flight and maneuvers. Sun and star trackers helped the spacecraft navigation systems. Since most stars were too dim, the trackers focused on the star Canopus.   Launch and Beyond Mariner 4 rode to space aboard an Agena D rocket, launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch complex in Florida. Liftoff was flawless and a few minutes later, the thrusters fired to put the spacecraft into a parking orbit high above Earth. Then, about an hour later, a second burn sent the mission on its way to Mars.   After Mariner 4 was well under way to Mars, an experiment was approved to study the effect of transmitting the spacecrafts radio signal through the Martian atmosphere just before the spacecraft disappeared behind the planet. This experiment was designed to probe the thin blanket of air surrounding Mars. That task threw mission planners a real challenge: they had to reprogram the spacecrafts computer from Earth. That had never before been done, but it worked perfectly. In fact, it worked so well that mission controllers have used it many times with other spacecraft in the years since then.   Mariner 4 Stats The mission was launched on November 28, 1964. It arrived at Mars on July 15, 1965 and performed all its mission activities well. Controllers lost communication with the mission from October 1, 1965 to 1967.  Then contact was restored for a few months before it was lost again, for good. Throughout its entire mission, Mariner 4 returned more than 5.2 million bits of data, including imaging, engineering and other data.   Want to know more about Mars exploration? Check out Eight Great Mars Books, and also keep an eye out for television specials about the Red Planet. Its a sure bet that there will be an increasing amount of press as humanity gets ready to send people to Mars.